Radial shaft seals, also known as lip seals, are used to seal rotary elements, such as a shaft or rotating bore. Common examples include strut seals, hydraulic pump seals, axle seals, power steering seals, and valve stem seals. Early radial shaft seals utilized rawhide as the sealing element, and many present-day elastomeric seal companies were once tanneries. The advent of modern elastomers replaced rawhide, industry also added a garter spring, which helps the sealing lip compensate for lip wea